Abstract: In order to deeply study the distribution characteristics and forms of rural settlement space and provide basic support for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, this paper obtains the spatial distribution and density characteristics of rural settlements in low mountain and hilly areas of Nanbu County using GIS spatial analysis, and reveals the spatial morphological characteristics and influencing factors of settlements. The results show that:(1) The rural settlement space in Nanbu County shows a decentralized distribution pattern as a whole, with high density in the middle east and low density in the northwest and south. (2) The distribution of settlements forms the spatial form of small and medium-sized point, strip and patch settlements, while the characteristics of local spatial differentiation are complex. (3) The distribution and morphological characteristics of rural settlements in Nanbu County are mainly affected by terrain, traffic and water system conditions, and show a significant normal distribution with elevation and slope. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the site selection and spatial pattern optimization of rural settlements in hilly areas under the background of ecological security pattern construction, so as to promote rural socio-economic development, natural environment harmony and rural revitalization.